What Happens During a Root Canal?
Written & medically reviewed by Dr. Naina Kharbe, MDS — Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics · Last updated July 2026
During a root canal the dentist numbs the tooth, removes the infected pulp, cleans and shapes the canals, then seals them — usually in one visit — and finishes with a crown to protect the tooth.
Root canal treatment has an unfair reputation. In reality it relieves pain and saves your tooth — here is exactly what happens.
Why might I need a root canal?
When decay or injury reaches the soft pulp inside a tooth, it becomes inflamed or infected, causing pain and abscesses. A root canal removes that infection and saves the tooth.
The step-by-step procedure
- The tooth is numbed with local anaesthesia
- A small opening is made to reach the pulp
- The infected pulp is removed and the canals cleaned and shaped
- The canals are disinfected and sealed
- The tooth is restored, usually with a protective crown
Is it painful?
Modern root canal treatment is virtually painless — it relieves pain. Most patients compare it to having a filling.
After your root canal
Mild tenderness for a day or two is normal. A crown is usually fitted to protect the treated tooth for the long term. Wondering whether to save or remove a tooth? See root canal vs extraction.
Frequently asked questions
How many visits does a root canal take?
Many are completed in a single visit. Severely infected or complex teeth may need two visits for the best result.
Do I really need a crown after a root canal?
Usually yes — a treated tooth becomes more brittle, and a crown protects it from fracturing so it lasts for years.
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